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''The Dartmouth Review'' is an independent, bi-weekly newspaper at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. Founded in 1980 by a number of disenchanted staffers from the College’s daily newspaper, it quickly rose to national prominence for its coverage of campus social issues and the provocative political positions it has sometimes adopted.〔 Although the paper has frequently been praised for the quality of its writing — most recently by Dartmouth’s 17th President, Jim Yong Kim — it is perhaps most famous for having spawned a movement of politically conservative U.S. college newspapers that would come to include the ''Yale Free Press'', ''The Stanford Review'', the ''Harvard Salient'', the ''California Review'', the ''Princeton Tory'', and the ''Cornell Review''.〔 The paper has also had a profound impact on the national conservative movement as a whole. Past staffers have gone on to occupy prominent positions in the Reagan and Bush Administrations, write for a number of leading publications, and author best-selling political works.〔 Some of the most famous include Pulitzer-Prize-winner Joseph Rago of ''The Wall Street Journal'', ''The New Criterion''s James Panero, author Dinesh D’Souza, talk-show host Laura Ingraham, ''The Wall Street Journal''s Hugo Restall, and Hoover Institute research fellow, Peter Robinson.〔 Author, columnist, and former Nixon and Reagan speechwriter, Jeffrey Hart, was also instrumental in ''The Review''s founding and is a long-time board member and advisor.〔 As of 2013, the paper has 10,000 off-campus subscribers, distributes a further 4,000 newspapers on campus, and claims 50,000 unique viewers per month on its website.〔 ==History== Founding and Early Years The history of ''The Dartmouth Review'' can be traced to 1980, when a number of campus conservatives met in Jeffrey Hart’s living room to discuss the school’s prevailing political culture.〔 Out of these conversations, the idea for a new publication was born. As early ''Review'' contributor Dinesh D’Souza tells it, the immediate impetus for the founding was a schism at daily campus newspaper which pitted a group of young Reagan-supporters against the organization’s progressive editors. After then editor-in-chief Gregory Fossedal began writing in support of the Republican national platform, other editors set about removing him from his position. In response, Fossedal resolved to start an alternative weekly paper of his own. With the help of Professor Hart and other like-minded conservatives, this is what he ultimately did in May 1980.〔 When Fossedal left ''The Daily Dartmouth'', he took a number of the paper’s younger staffers with him. In the years that followed, this group of writers would form the core of ''The Dartmouth Review''s early leadership and include some of the organization’s most famous alumni. Among them were Benjamin Hart, Keeney Jones, Gordon Haff, and Dinesh D’Souza. Peter Robinson, who had graduated the previous spring and was then studying at Oxford University, became an early correspondent and supporter of the paper’s efforts.〔 In June 1980, ''The Dartmouth Review'' published its first issue. Distributed to graduating students before the school’s annual commencement exercises, it focused on the College’s declining academic standards and the controversy surrounding its recent board of trustee elections. In a series of articles that received attention from many Dartmouth alumni, the editors endorsed write-in candidate John Steel and publicized allegations of improprieties amongst the administration-backed Alumni Council.〔 In the months that followed, the paper began printing on a weekly basis and released a revised statement of purpose from editor Dinesh D’Souza. In his words, ''The Review''s mission was “to become what it was set-up to become: a responsible, bold publication of conservative opinion” and a prodigious source of “unbiased, reliable articles () without fear of administrative clamps.”〔 Throughout its first few months of activity, the organization and its leaders sought to achieve this greater degree of professionalism by publishing suggested revisions to administrative policy, investigative reports on fraternity controversies, and interviews with notable conservatives like William F. Buckley, Jr.. It also gained notoriety within some campus circles for its vocal support of the Dartmouth’s disused Indian mascot and its criticism of affirmative action policies.〔 The 1980s In the spring of 1982, ''The Review'' published a series of editorials that disparaged the administration’s affirmative action policies and lamented their effects on Dartmouth’s academic rigor. Among them was an article that used a combination of Ebonics and heavy satire to mock common excuses for the deficient classroom performance of many black students. This episode, when combined with the paper’s ongoing support of school’s controversial Indian mascot and its criticism of a black professor’s Music 2 class, led many on campus to accuse its editors of racism. Some student groups joined with concerned faculty members and administrators to condemn the editorial stances of the publication and denounce “its particular breed of journalism.”〔 During this period, the paper weathered many episodes of controversy and faced down several lawsuits, threats, and instances of vandalism. Despite this hostile reception, however, it continued to build a loyal following among many students and alumni and gained a national reputation for its high-quality writing and energetic style.〔 In its first decade of activity, ''The Dartmouth Review'' published several notable articles and led student opposition to a number of the administration’s policies. After the paper launched an editorial campaign that used a survey of national tribal leaders to defend the Indian mascot, support for the defunct symbol became so strong that undergraduates unfurled banners at home football games and proclaimed its return.〔 Earlier that same year, the paper conducted an investigation into the Gay Student Organization’s (GSO) and its use of College funds. When its findings revealed severe improprieties, the administration was forced to withdraw its financial support from the GSO and reform its internal controls and standards.〔 At this time, the paper also leveraged its burgeoning reputation to conduct interviews with several political and cultural leaders. Among them were Betty Friedan, Ralph Nader, Czeslaw Milosz, Abbie Hoffman, Richard Nixon, Donald Rumsfeld, Bobby Seale, Charlton Heston, Allen Ginsberg, Charlie Daniels, Gennifer Flowers, and Norman Podhoretz.〔 Due in large part to these features and the success of its campus activism, ''The Review'' received early endorsements from the likes of Ronald Reagan, Jack Kemp, Bill Bennett, and William R.F. Buckley. Far from being damaged by the controversies ''The Dartmouth Review'' grew throughout its first decade of publication.〔 The 1990s The 1990s began on a controversial note for ''The Dartmouth Review'' when an unknown saboteur slipped an anti-Semitic quote from Adolf Hitler into the paper’s credo.〔 Although then editor-in-chief Kevin Pritchett immediately recalled the issue and apologized to all who had been offended, the incident fueled further accusations that the paper and its editors were racist.〔 In response to popular demands from students and faculty members alike, President Freedman and the administration organized a “Rally Against Hate” to promote campus unity and censure the actions of ''The Review''.〔 Many alumni and national media outlets were critical of this decision and faulted Freedman for not conducting a fact-finding mission before assuming that the Hitler quote was a deliberate ploy.〔 Despite this blowback, however, the incident severally damaged the reputation of the publication and led to the resignation of several key editors. It would be years before staff recruitment and fundraising fully recovered.〔 Throughout the rest of President Freedman’s tenure, the paper remained a vocal presence within the campus debate and was a consistent critic of the administration’s affirmative action, governance, and free speech policies. After President Freedman retired and was replaced by James Wright in 1998, ''The Review'' became embroiled in yet another controversy as it spearheaded popular opposition to a proposed fraternity reform plan. In the end, Wright’s proposal to force the fraternities to go coed was defeated by overwhelming criticism from students and alumni alike. In the aftermath, many cited ''The Dartmouth Review'' and its national readership as the key to the opposition’s success.〔 The 2000s and into the Present Since 2000, the paper has continued to play an important, albeit more moderate, role in the College’s political discourse. Between 2001 and 2005, it became a critical force behind a series of governance fights in which the school’s alumni attempted to reassert their influence over the trustee selection process. In what came to be known as the “Lone Pine Revolution,” a plurality of alums succeeded in independently nominating and electing four trustees who were critical of the College’s stance on issues concerning free speech, athletics, alumni rights, and the curriculum.〔 Among them were Peter Robinson, a member of the Class of 1979 and an early contributor to ''The Dartmouth Review'', and Todd Zywicki, a member of the class of 1988 and a vocal critic of the Freedman administration.〔 The two would later observe that their campaigns were aided immensely by ''The Dartmouth Review'' and its favorable coverage of them. In 2006, the paper sparked campus-wide controversy for its decision to publish an issue with an Indian brandishing a tomahawk on its cover.〔 Inside, the editors included several articles that criticized the College’s apologies for a string of incidents that many Native Americans found offensive.〔 After many campus groups expressed their outrage, the paper’s leadership apologized for the cover and admitted that it was a mistake.〔 In the last few years, ''The Review'' has focused on the administration’s policies concerning the fraternities, governance, free speech, and student life. After President Jim Kim announced an unpopular new meal plan in the spring of 2011, ''The Review'' took the lead in criticizing its deficiencies and suggesting more cost-effective alternatives. The paper was also quick to defend Dartmouth against allegations of “institutionalized hazing” brought by Andrew Lohse and ''The Rolling Stone'' in the winter of 2012. Since then, it has supported Dartmouth’s Greek system against the administration’s renewed attempts at reforming it.〔 In 2013, ''The Dartmouth Review'' completed a major internal reorganization under J.P. Harrington and Nicholas Desatnick, then Editors-In-Chief and Stuart Allan, then President. The Review built a web and social media presence,〔http://www.dartreview.com〕 increased donations, substantially revised editorial and business practices and moved operations into a large office on Hanover’s Main Street. As a result of these reforms, the rejuvenated paper gained national attention for its coverage of campus protests that disrupted the school’s prospective student weekend. After representatives from a number of interest groups forced their way into the “Dartmouth Dimensions” show and began protesting racism, elitism, and other social ills, ''The Review'' became the first campus publication to cover the event and release full-length stories on its website.〔 In the incident’s aftermath, the paper was supportive of campus reform efforts but remained critical of the administration for canceling classes on the following Wednesday and for not punishing the students who were involved.〔 In the months since, the paper has begun publishing commentary on national political events and their reception by various student constituencies on campus. ''The Dartmouth Review'' also launched its inaugural Great Issues debate, modeled after Dartmouth College's lauded Great Issues Lecture Series which ran under the college's President John Sloan Dickey until the late 1970s. The inaugural debate was between former Reviewer Dinesh D'Souza and Bill Ayers.〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkAcCHt2c40#t=44〕 As of 2014, it has over 40 writers and business associates on staff and produces sixteen issues a year.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Dartmouth Review」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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